A Comprehensive Review on Nano scale and Carrier-Mediated Strategies for alpha-Amylase Modulation: From Industrial Bio-catalysis to Biomedical Therapeutics

Abstract

Alpha-Amylase plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism, with widespread applications ranging from industrial starch processing to heritage conservation and clinical diagnostics (Abdel-Mageed & Radwan, 2025; El-Shishtawy et al., 2021; Hameed et al., 2022). However, the operational instability, sensitivity to harsh environmental conditions, and non-reusability of the native enzyme pose significant challenges. Recent advances in nanotechnology and material science have enabled the development of functionalized carrier matrices and nanoparticle systems that modulate alpha-amylase activity. This comprehensive review provides a comparative synthesis of five distinct carrier systems: functionalized acrylic fabric (El-Shishtawy et al., 2021), layered double hydroxides (Abdel-Mageed & Radwan, 2025), noble metal nanoparticles (Abdel-Mageed & Radwan, 2025), green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (Hameed et al., 2022), and inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposites (Bahri et al., 2022). We evaluate their mechanism of action, kinetic impacts, operational stability, and target applications.